Radium Atomic Number

Radium loses about 1% of its activity in 25 years, being transformed into elements of lower atomic weight. Lead is a final product of disintegration. Stored radium and radium-containing products or minerals should be ventilated to prevent build-up of radon. Radium (Ra) is a silvery-white colored metal that has the atomic number 88 in the periodic table. It is an Alkaline earth Metal with the symbol Ra and is located in Group 2 of the periodic table. Radium was discovered by Pierre and Marie Curie in 1898 in the ore Pitchblende after their discovery of polonium in the same ore. 226.0254 g.mol-1. Electronegativity according to Pauling. 5 g.cm-3 at 20°C. Discovered by: Marie and Pierre Curie in 1898 Radium is the sixth element of the second column in the periodic table. It is the heaviest of the alkaline earth metals. Radium atoms have 88 electrons and 88 protons with 2 valence electrons in the outer shell. Radium loses about 1% of its activity in 25 years, being transformed into elements of lower atomic weight. Lead is a final product of disintegration. Stored radium should be ventilated to prevent build-up of radon. Inhalation, injection, or body exposure to radium can cause cancer and other body disorders.

Radium Atomic Number And Mass
Radium Atomic Number

Chemical properties of radium - Health effects of radium - Environmental effects of radium

88
Atomic mass	226.0254 g.mol^-1
Electronegativity according to Pauling	0.9
Density	5 g.cm^-3 at 20°C
Melting point	700 °C
Boiling point	Download adobe illustrator cc mac. 1140 °C
Vanderwaals radius	0.230 nm
Ionic radius	unknown
Isotopes	6
Electronic shell	[ Rn ] 7s²
Energy of first ionisation	509.1 kJ.mol^-1
Energy of second ionisation	975 kJ.mol^-1 Anaconda download mac os x.
Discovered by	Pierre and Marie Curie 1898

Radium Atomic Number And Mass

Radium

Radium is silvery, lustrous, soft, intensely radioactive. It readily oxidizes on exposure to air, turning from almost pure white to black. Radium is luminescent, corrodes in water to form radium hydroxide. Although is the heaviest member of the alkaline-earth group it is the most volatile.

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Radium is used in luminous paint (in the form of radium bromide). Radium and beryllium were once used as a portable source of neutrons. Radium is used in medicine to produce radon gas, used for cancer treatment. At the beginning of the 19th century radium was used as additive in products like toothpaste, hair creams and even food items.

Radium in the environment

It has been estimated that each square kilometer of the earth surface (to a depth of 40 cm) contains 1 gram of radium. Early in the twentieth century radium was extracted from uranium ores for use in luminous dials and medical treatment. The amount of radium in uranium ores varies between 150 and 350 mg/ton. The most in contained in the ores of Zaire and Canada.

Health effects of radium

Radium is naturally present in the environment in very small amounts. Because of that we are always exposed to radium and to small amounts of radiation that it releases into the environment.
Radium levels in the environment have greatly increased as a result of human activity. Humans release radium into the environment by burning coal and other fuels. Radium levels in drinking water may be high when it is extracted from deep wells that are located near radioactive waste disposal sites.
Currently there is no information available on the amounts of radium in air and soil.
There is no evidence that exposure to naturally present levels of radium has harmful effects on human health. However, exposure to higher levels of radium may result in health effects, such as teeth fracture, anaemia and cataract. When the exposure lasts for a long period of time radium may even cause cancer and the exposure can eventually lead to death. These effects may take years to develop. They are usually caused by gamma radiation of radium, which is able to travel fairly long distances through air. Therefore contact with radium is not necessary, for radium to cause health effects.

Environmental effects of radium

Radium is constantly produced by the radioactive decay of uranium and thorium. Radium is present at very low levels in rocks and soil and strongly attaches to those materials. It is also found in air. High concentrations of radium exist in water on some locations.
Uranium mining results in higher levels of radium in water near uranium mines. Plants absorb radium from the soil. Animals that eat these plants will accumulate radium.
Finally, radium may concentrate in fish and other aquatic organisms and bio magnify up the food chain.

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